Possible Warning Signs on High School Term Paper You Should Be Aware Of

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Types Of Alcoholism Which One Are You - 2125 Words

rehabcenter.net - guide - Types of Alcoholism – Which One Are You? If you suffer from an addiction to alcohol, you may be surprised at how different your experience was than what you were expecting. Television, movies, literature, and various other forms of entertainment have bred a clichà © version of alcoholism that rarely, if ever, matches up with reality. Everybody s addiction is different and they can t be treated in the same way across the board. However, alcoholism has been broken down into five different subtypes which group people together based on various factors, including their age, their behaviors, and the severity of their addiction. Before you can successfully recover from addiction, you need to understand which group you fall under, where your addiction may stem from, and what you can do to combat it. Identifying The Subtypes In 2007, the National Institutes Of Health, led by Dr. Howard B. Moss, the Associate Director for Clinical and Translational Research at NIAAA, released a report that identified five different types of alcoholism among the population. Their mission with their report was to help break the myth that alcohol addiction was a problem that only affected certain people in certain ways. Our findings should help dispel the popular notion of the ‘typical alcoholic,’† Moss said in his report. . â€Å"We find that young adults comprise the largest group of alcoholics in this country, and nearly 20 percent of alcoholics are highly functional andShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Alcoholism On Family, Children, And The Individuals Suffering From Alcoholism988 Words   |  4 PagesAround the world there are numerous types of addictions that every type of person suffers from, but there is only one type of addiction that I am interested in discussing today, alcoholism. 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Day after day young children, spouses, friends, and other family members are affected greatly by one alcoholic. In order to understand the full effects that alcoholism has on a family as a whole, it is crucial to understandRead MoreMini Thesis1451 Words   |  6 PagesResults†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚ ¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.8 Chapter 5- Conclusion, Limitations, and Recommendations†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.8 References/Bibliography†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦10 Abstract This paper will discuss end stage renal disease in African American Males and show how lifestyles of alcoholism play a large part in end stage renal disease. 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This step is an exampleRead MoreStigm Notes On The Management Of Spoiled Identity1643 Words   |  7 Pagesthat I will be discussing in this paper is Alcoholism, how people who are alcohol dependence are stigmatized and ways to help reduce the stigma and discrimination associated with it. Stigma is a negative attribute imposed by society on people that can cause discrimination. Stigmatized people lacks social acceptance because they possess traits that damage their identity and prevent them from being part of society. According to Goffman, they are three types of stigma: 1) defects of the body, such as

Evaluation of Tiger Woods Speech. free essay sample

Tiger Woods apology speech. While there were many monumental speeches to choose from, this one in particular stood out to me because of the substantial amount of public controversy over his complete sincerity. Many felt his words were a heartfelt effort to acknowledge wrongs and set them right, while others didnt believe a word of It. In means of forming my own opinion, I watched his speech several times dissecting everything from his tone of voice, body language and eye contact, to the overall content of his message he delivered.Although most believe that Tigers apology was genuine, personally I think the speech lacked authenticity. The presentation as a whole seemed choreographed even down to the post-speech made for TV hug with his mother. From his Inhalant walk In, you could clearly see the fear In his eyes and became aware of how tense he was, He gripped the podium for dear life throughout the duration of the speech, and although he may have been saying the right things out loud, everything else about his demeanor was silently screaming that he didnt want to be there. We will write a custom essay sample on Evaluation of Tiger Woods Speech. or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page He was entirely o automated and his tone of voice came across as almost robotic. He was reading the statement instead of speaking from the heart. The only gestures he used were those when he spoke of protecting his family from the public spotlight and even those looked to be calculated. There were numerous awkward long pauses, and his reading the statement made it appear he wasnt speaking in his natural voice while failing to make adequate eye contact with his audience. We may never know if Tigers expression of regret was indeed bona fide, but in my perspective his conduct made me question the integrity of his apology.

J B Priestleys use of language, character, and setting for dramatic effect in An Inspector Calls Essay Example

J B Priestleys use of language, character, and setting for dramatic effect in An Inspector Calls Essay This essay shall examine the way in which J. B. Priestley uses dramatic effect in his 1945 play An Inspector Calls. The play is centred on an Inspector who gatecrashes the Birlings engagement party to their daughter Sheila and her Fiance Gerald croft, by announcing that earlier in the day a girl called Eva Smith, also known as Daisy Renton, committed suicide by drinking a bottle of disinfectant. The Inspector slowly makes his way around each of the Birlings and Gerald and asks them each a series of questions which results in each of the characters being convinced that they are to blame for her death. In this essay I will delve into the period and context of when the play was written, analyse the language used as well as the use of characters, the setting and the genre of the play. An Inspector Calls was written in 1945, but set one week before the Titanic set sail in 1912 the late Edwardian Era. I feel that this was done deliberately because J. B. Priestley may have intended to convey his optimism about World war one and how he thought a World War wouldnt begin. After World war two, I feel it was appropriate to release An Inspector Calls just for a simple morality play of which the morals could be not everything is what it seems and you never know what is going to happen. I feel this is due to dramatic irony as from the curtain opening there are many references towards disasters throughout history like the Titanic sinking in the middle of the Atlantic Ocean, after crashing into an Iceberg. Priestley conveys his optimism here as Mr. Birling says; the Titanic she sails next week. We will write a custom essay sample on J B Priestleys use of language, character, and setting for dramatic effect in An Inspector Calls specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on J B Priestleys use of language, character, and setting for dramatic effect in An Inspector Calls specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on J B Priestleys use of language, character, and setting for dramatic effect in An Inspector Calls specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Another reason of which I feel that the playwright was a good release at the time was for the distinctions between the upper and lower classes within society. In 1912, there were strong divisions between the upper and lower classes, but after World War one, and World War two, the Holocaust, the Titanic sinking, and the Atom bomb, there was a great want for social change between the upper and lower classes for the country to stick together in the event of another disaster occurring. As this social reform had taken place, the effect on the audience was likely to be huge, and would make both the upper and the lower class audiences realise just how bad the upper class treated the lower class during the pre-war period. Throughout the play, the upper class audience should have perceived that they took great advantage of the lower class population. I therefore feel that one of J. B. Priestleys intentions for writing the play was to convey how the lower class were treated before the first World war, and he does this by portraying Eva Smith as vulnerable, weak and average. This is able to gain maximum impact on the audience as Evas character is built up slowly and emotionally throughout the play. This concept is shown as the Birlings and Gerald Croft take advantage of her and thus takes her own life. Throughout the playwright, J. B. Priestley uses many dramatic techniques and communicates these effects well. One way that the tension is sustained is by using dramatic irony. This is an occasion when a character makes predictions about the future now the past and the audience know that these predictions have been proven untrue, an example being when Mr. Birling says The Germans dont want war. Nobody wants war, except some half civilised folks in the Balkans, but the audience already know that the Germans did want a war and was dubbed World War one. Now the audience are likely to think that Mr. Birling is a completely over-opinionated plank. This allows the audience to engage and become involved in the play by answering back and saying oh, but yes that has happened you fool! I also feel the reason that Mr. Birling says these sentences is because J. B. Priestley is conveying his optimism through Mr. Birlings grand speeches to get his points over. Another technique used to keep tension throughout the performance is by the way that each member of the family seems to have had some involvement with Evas death. This tension leads to a pattern of new pieces of information being submitted, therefore developing the story and making the audience interested in how each character reacts to the revelations involved in the play. I feel that one of the most dramatic effects is created when the Inspector is introduced to the Birlings. Inspector Goole is very abrupt and gets straight to the point for example when hes describing Evas graphic death; Two hours ago a young woman died in the infirmary burnt her inside out of course. This quote is repeated about three times in the play, and is a good means of maintaining the tension within the play, by indicating that something substantial is going to happen rather soon whether this is something that someone is going to say or something that someone is going to do. The Inspector doesnt give any clues away about her death, but he makes sure that tension is kept by making a statement and making the Birlings finish off the story, telling him what has been going on. This makes the audience watch the play attentively to the end. I also feel that the Inspectors role is important as he keeps the pace of the plot running smoothly. This is done as he deals with one line of enquiry at a time, and Evas life is unravelled before the audiences eyes making sure that each of the characters of the play has an equal amount of blame placed upon each of them for her death. By the end of act one, the Inspector is in complete control of the family and the situation that theyre in. He does this gradually from his entrance. His entrance is effective, and he speaks very little at the beginning, and makes Mr. Birling feel anxious. As Mr. Birling asks the question; Some trouble about a warrant? the Inspector ominously replies No, Mr. Birling. The third line of this conversation is when Mr. Birling begins to get annoyed at the Inspectors small communication with him, and he asks Well, what is it then? ith a trace of impatience. This is just one of the many occurrences when the Inspector uses only a few words for a sentence, and makes the audience feel that the Inspector is going to rely on the Birlings and Gerald to do most of the talking unless he is asking a question. The Inspector controls the family by making out that he knows everything that has gone on. He seems to be an experienced Inspector as he knows how to get the information that he needs. The way that he seems to know everything that has gone on makes the other characters act irrationally and as a result the audience will enjoy the play even more than they would have if they didnt think he knew what he was talking about. I believe that the playwrights plot unravels extremely well. The tone of voice of the characters is crucial towards the play because it is one way that the audience gets to see the characters cracking and it shows us that theyre hiding things that the Inspector isnt meant to hear. This is quite important because unlike other plays this play doesnt contain soliloquys, which give an insight towards the thoughts and the feelings of the characters. The most important part of the play is when the phone rings and it echos that a girl has just died in the Infirmary, and that an Inspector will be calling in shortly to question them about her death. This is effective as the audience have already heard the sinister story and will then feel that the Birlings either got what they deserve, or will sympathise with them feeling that they shouldnt be put through all of the questioning again. Language in this specific play has a proficient impression on the audience. The sentence structure of the play is crucial. This includes the length of sentences within the play, the vocabulary, and the underlying meaning implied by the characters. The language in this play is vital towards the development of the story. Mr. Birling speaks in long, spaced out speechs and at the beginning, hes quite confident in his long speeches to the family, although Mr. Birlings confidence is soon enough replaced with apprehension and self justification though I feel that he is anxious for the wrong moral reasons, as he only seems to care about his knighthood and not the fact that a girl has died because of his family. I therefore feel that Mr. Birlings speeches depend on how much hes in control of a situation and how happy he is. This is indicated as he acts like a temperamental child if he gets wound up, hell storm out, which is visible on page twenty one of the play as the Inspector says Thats more or less what I was thinking earlier today asty mess somebodys made of it. Mr. Birling who is Provincial in his speech uses very gallant vocabulary on a day-to-day basis he doesnt use the simplest of terms for things. The vocabulary he uses wouldnt be used too freely in todays society, nor too frequently in the nineteen forties so insisting Mr. Birlings aim is to be on the upper part of the upper class, when all he is, is Middle Class (I will disc uss social class later in my essay). This vocabulary also speeds up the confrontations in the room throughout the play, because without realising, he is digging a larger and larger hole to get out of. The use of colloquial terms is effective nonetheless in the play, for example, squiffy could be perceived as meaning drunk, and by jingo could be perceived as meaning oh God when youre in a fluster, but these terms wouldnt be used nowadays. This is vital because it adds towards the character development in the play perhaps indicating that the Birlings feel the need to use these terms because they think that theyre better than others, and feel the need to speak in these colloquial terms. The language used is effective on the audience, in the way that theres virtually always an underlying meaning somewhere in each point brought up in the play in relation towards Evas death, and the Inspector nearly always brings about a confrontation somewhere along the line. The use of language during Mr. Birlings speeches are strong because he always seems to know what hes talking about, however the use of dramatic irony in the play is crucial to make the audience think Ha! What an idiot! Two examples of this dramatic irony are when Mr Birling makes the quotes about the war I say there isnt a chance of war and the Titanic; the Titanic she sails next week and unsinkable, absolutely unsinkable. This quote leads me to believe that hes too pessimistic about the world around him, and leads the audience to think that his heads too far up in the clouds and he believes anything that hes told. This is adding towards character development, as it shows that Mr. Birling is quite naive. Its necessary to have this use of language to develop the characters social status within the play. Although Mr. Birling would disagree with me, I feel that he and his family are of Middle class status, as he has a business that has only been open for a minority of years, and at the beginning of the show, Mr. Birling is confident in himself, as he says sentences about himself and his business like the following; and I speak as a hard-headed business man, however in great comparison, the Crofts business has been open for centuries, and therefore this leads me to the conclusion that the Crofts are of a high social status. This leaves no question of why Mr. Birling is happy about tonight, as he assumes that the Crofts will work together with the Birlings as he feels that they will be family and perhaps we may look forward to the time when Crofts and Birlings are no longer competing but working together I also feel that the use of language used is necessary by means of retaining authenticity. The language is therefore significant to both the effects on characters, and the audience. The effects on the characters will be varying from character to character, for example the use of language used by the Inspector may be harsh and impolite in Mr. Birlings eyes as hes very abrupt, but from Sheilas point of view, he could be speaking calmly and politely towards the family. This has an effect on the audience using drama, because it will be dramatic for them as the Birlings and Gerald may react in differing ways to the Inspectors language. Priestleys use of character and character development in the play is crucial towards the play just as it is within novels; however there are two main divisions between characters in the play both directly and non-directly. These divisions are between the adults in the play with the younger members of the theatrical production and there is also the division of different social classes within the play. The youngsters in the play are Gerald, Sheila, and Eric, each of whom in turn are helpful towards the Inspector by being truthful about what happened nearly all of the time. This makes me believe that they arent as scheming and are influenced more by the Inspector than Mr and Mrs Birling are. This connotation is based upon how Sheila realises that the Inspector only wants the Birlings to build a bigger wall between themselves therefore shed rather tell the truth. It is also apparent when the Inspector says We usually do on the younger ones, that the Inspector knows that hell have an affect on the younger members of the family. The division between the adults and the youngsters becomes apparent when Mr and Mrs Birling begin to cover up their tracks immensely, however the Inspector knows what hes doing he knows how to get down to the bottom of things, and by the end the audience are left in ore by the way that the whole truth has come out, without any ends being left untied. By the end of the play there have been visible divisions within each member of the family, for example, Sheila and Gerald wont be the same again by the way that Geralds little secret has come out in front of his fiance. From the entrance of the Inspector to the end of the play its visible hes there to forewarn the family of the real Inspectors trail of thinking and also to warn them not to lie to the Inspector as it will only work out to the Inspectors advantage, because he knows most of the facts anyway. Although An Inspector Calls is not the most ha-ha funny play that Ive read, it is fun to read in the way that the characters keep digging themselves into a larger more riveting hole, and by the end they become embarrassed by the lies that theyve told the Inspector, thus meaning more enjoyment for the audience. Most of the humour used in An Inspector Calls is conveyed through dramatic irony, and is a humour that makes the viewers think ah, I like what youve done there. This means that the plot line is mentally stimulating for the audience, and yet again the audience are able to become involved in the play. Having said that, there are some occurrences when there are some ha-ha funny sentences, one of which is when the Inspector says An hour ago, a girl was taken into the Infirmary after drinking a bottle of disinfectant, and Sheila replies Oh, was it an accident. My simple answer would be are you stupid girl? This would be perceived as funny as someone can hardly drink a bottle of disinfectant by accident misplacing it for a cup of Tea! When Sheila finds out what happened to Eva, it shows that she has a conscience, by sympathising with her. When she finds out who she was and she finds out her story, her empathy for Eva grows, and she solely feels to blame for her suicide even though I feel she had the smallest part to play in her suicide. The same goes for Eric and Gerald who feel great sympathy for her too, but they seem to have had much more to do with her suicide. Whilst watching the play, the audience notice that the oldest members of the family Mr. and Mrs. Birling give very little sympathy for Eva throughout the play. This brings me to the conclusion that the younger members of the family have much more sympathy for other people, and that they are influenced much more easily by the Inspector, unlike Mr. and Mrs Birling who show very few signs that the Inspector is influencing them with his questions unless you look at the way that they act, which changes dramatically within the play. This gives the impression that the youngsters are more in touch with their senses too. One of the main reasons that the characters have been developed in these ways is to get the audience involved, by making them feel annoyed at the characters who you are supposed to feel annoyed at, for example Mr. and Mrs. Birling are the characters in this play who are meant to make the audience feel annoyed at them because they take no responsibility for Evas death, which is rather cowardly of them. I feel that Eric has been placed in the play to be funny, however, he still has many sides to him which are like his parents like the way that he runs away from the truth. I feel that the audience are meant to feel inspired and sympathetic towards Gerald and Sheila because of their honesty towards the Inspector and the way that they stand up in front of each other and tell the brutal truth of the way that they see Evas death, and Sheila unlike the rest of her family doesnt run away once. The way that they are inspired by the couple is mainly because of their honesty in front of each other. Similar couples wouldnt have the guts to admit what theyd done to themselves, never mind their partner. This is therefore a good situation to place the sympathetic couple in. I feel this because itll be the best day of their lives so far together, so people will think awww, what a shame but in relation to what Eva must have been put through other people would think that they deserve it. The use of setting in the play is very necessary to this play and therefore this essay. When the Inspector is introduced to the play the lighting changes drastically, from an intimate pink colour to a much harsher, harder colour, thought to be red. This immediately affects the audience because it indicates that the inspector will have a huge impact on the play. From the beginning of the play, there are many references towards stage directions and setting which are vital, for example on page three of the play it quotes Half playful, half serious to Gerald. This builds up the atmosphere that Sheilas excited for her engagement party, but it also adds to the early character development within the play. The fact that the play is set in one room may be boring for some viewers, however I feel that it is rather effective towards the play in order for the tension to be kept within the playwright, and also so it doesnt turn into some sort of wild Goose chase for the Inspector. This is effective in the way that the Inspector can ask each of the characters, in turn, questions without having to ask where they are in the household and find them, which would get boring and expensive for theatre companies in a society still recovering from two World Wars. This therefore gives the effect of an interrogation room for the characters. There are many entrances and exits within the play, and this is extremely effective in the way that the audience get to find out that the characters are under pressure by the Inspectors questions. When characters leave the room, we find out even more about the characters involvement in her death, which leads up to tension, because the audience begin to get an adrenaline for the next entrance of that character. When the Inspector arrives its nothing short of fantastic. I feel this is because of the way that the happy atmosphere has been built up fantastically, and then an Inspector walks in with the news that a girl died earlier in the day after drinking a bottle of disinfectant, therefore when the Inspector arrives the atmosphere drastically changes. This therefore proposes the notion that the play is made successful by the use of entrances and exits of characters. I wouldnt particularly say that this play is typical of a morality play or of a detective play in terms of the setting however it does create the sense that it has been created as a morality play as it is quite emotional I feel its emotional in the way that it illustrates how badly the lower class were treated by the upper class before world war one. I therefore feel that this play is good in terms of the genre and the setting within the play. I feel that J. B. Priestley has used the correct media type in a play, as the audience build up an affinity with each of the characters (especially Eva though shes not directly involved in the play), as they are seeing it being made more dramatic by terms of acting which wouldnt be as effective if it were portrayed in a novel or poem. This is definitely meant to be performed for an audience.

The Death Penalty, the Practice of Capital Punishment

The Death Penalty, the Practice of Capital Punishment Free Online Research Papers The death penalty is the most arguable and notorious practice today. The concept of capital punishment is a way of deterrence, retribution, restraint or incapacitation rehabilitation and restoration is not new and it is very much understandable from the way human psychology is molded by the fear of happening, the same with themselves. The idea a of deterrence associated with capital punishment has weight and sense, making capital punishment a public example serves it purpose but any judicial system which works on any other principal than the principal of justice cant be trusted. The general moral question of whether government has the right to punish wrongdoers by killing them has long plagued philosophers and theologians. Supporters of the death penalty often argue with those who oppose it about the implications of certain verses in scripture and about the general question of whether people forfeit their right to life when they commit murder. Similar moral arguments focus on whether it is ever legitimate to execute someone for a crime committed as a juvenile or to execute the mentally impaired. Many opponents argue, moreover, that it is senseless for government to kill to show that killing is wrong. (Lawrence C. Marshall, Why the Death Penalty Should be Abolished). In the present day, what is required is a better and more influential judiciary system rather than just sentencing people to death or even long lifetime sentences. It is accepted that one must pay for his ill doings but for that the difference should be made at the level of justice. Justice shoul d be equal for all. The arguments against capital punishment are many and convincing and very influential rather than the ones, which are in its favor, they are not just few but are fallacious. Anthony Porter, thought to be a killer, was found guilty in a case of murder of two people back in the year 1982 and was to be sentenced to death in 1998. Just 48 hours before the implementation, a stay order was approved based on issue about his mental proficiency. A team of journalism students from Northwestern University took the interest and began to examine the case against Porter and after interviewing many witnesses who had testified or were somehow related to the case. After several months of investigation, what came to light was an astonishing fact that Anthony Porter was absolutely innocent and had nothing to do with the killings. On the contrary, the real culprit was found to be Alstory Simon not Anthony Porter. He himself admitted of his crime after his wife told that she was there when he killed them. Even afterwards the chief witness confessed that he had not seen the face of the killer, he just mentioned Ported because the police forced him to do so. Later in Februar y 1999, based on these new facts, Anthony Porter was released and Alstory Simon was charged with murder. Taking this example, we won’t be wrong to say that in the case of Porter Anthony his luck was there to save him, but is this the case of all the innocents being killed, just because they were bound to be killed? There are many arguments against the capital punishment, and on the other hand many people prove the arguments wrong, but what is the point here is how the punishment is enhanced. If we look at the previous record, it is quite cleat that most of the punishments were under the influence of prejudice. The death penalty may not deter but aggravate the crime; it is true with all such acts where justice is over come by discrimination. Death penalty was once practiced in most of the nations, but has been sanctioned by many still yet. In the late 20th century, some countries abolished the death penalty, imposing life sentences instead. Which is another debate? Is the capital punishment is actually a reason for a better social and judicial system? We don’t find any evidence supporting this question. The nations or states were death sentence is prevailed are at the same rate of crimes where there is no death sentence, but if we look at the figures we would see that in the past 20 years Texas, was the state with highest rate of crimes and is also the state with most death sentences given, infect taken into action hence it is not persuasive thus its practical value to society appears to be zilch. If we look at the other side of the image we would find that the fear of being caught and punished makes a person become very keen in doing what he wants to do, but the equality in the judiciary is a must. Still there is a lot of evidence that the decision making process in capital cases is enormously inaccurate. The courts have reversed more than two thirds of the death sentences that have been appealed; on retrial fewer than 20% of these defendants were found to deserve the death penalty, and 7% were found to be innocent of the crime itself (Leibman, Fagan, West, 2000). It is far a debate that in our system, race, wealth, status, geography and cast play a determining role of who should be charged or not. Harry Blackmun once declared, â€Å"Race continues to play a major role in determining who shall live and who shall die.† The judicial system is so biased that we find that when a person has power he will get away; the one with more power is seldom seen paying. The one with low status and race is the first one to be paying for what he has done, and even for what he hasn’t done. This difference of color, creed, status, race and language make the decision of death sentence so fake that it seems it must be stopped. Apart from the racial difference what is the other fact hindering in the way of justice is the fact that legal orders designed to inform the jurors decision between the death penalty and a life sentence are inexplicable, resulting in decisions that are capricious or legally wrong. The death penalty is discriminatory. Wealth, social status, race and geography play an obvious role in determining who is charged with a capital crime, convicted, and sentenced to death (Bright, 1994, Costanzo, 1997). Decades of research have failed to produce any persuasive evidence that the death penalty is more effective than life imprisonment as a deterrent to murder (Bailey Peterson, 1981). Punishment is supposed to be for the protection of society, and for the reformation of the wrongdoer. A punishment should make the person get cautious and should give others the sense of protection. Capital punishment though removes the culprit but is unable to remove the problem, and what is the use of just killing someone when one can’t make the problem solved? Taking a pain killer may stop the pain for the time but won’t make the problem vanish; it will reappear with time and with a much worse effect. Death sentence will no doubt remove one person but would not fill up the flaw, what is needed is to fill the flaws, not to make the flaws. Homicide rates from 1907 1963 in New York (which carried out 692 executions during that period) showed an average of two additional homicides in the month following an execution. (Bowers and Pierce 1980) Taking into account the extremity of the punishment, we know that life has been cut short, devoid of what the person, innocent in real or not, has in mind; he is not given a chance to reform himself. He may become a better person if given a chance, but it is on chance, but life itself is on chance. It is normal practice that kindness prevails; if once a person is given chance he may overcome his faults. But it is again on chance. The people committing murders or very much offensive crimes are mostly mental patients. So if they are really mental patients, then their fate should be treatment not a death sentence. In a 1987 study covering a period between 1900 to1985, it was found that 350 people were wrongly convicted and sentenced to death; 23 of these people were executed. (Radelet, Bedau and Putnam, 1992) Capital punishment is irreversible, and the errors of justice cannot be resolved when that person’s life is gone. All possibility of reassessment is taken away. What if an innocent person is hung, electrified, or given a lethal injection and has been punished for something he has never done. Then who should be the one paying for his life? The jury? The witness? The society? Or whom? â€Å"In view of the very uncertain and unequal character of our merely human endeavors to meet out justice, no proceedings of ours should be of this irrevocable character. So complex and uncertain is the process of sifting whereby finally a few individuals are sorted out from the mass and consigned to punishment, that the selection seems largely arbitrary, and we find that the actual convicts are no worse, and some perhaps even better, than many whom the hand of the law never reaches. What principle of equity or reason can justify us in singling out for our harshest treatment, by so haphazard a m ethod, a few individuals who for the most part manifest no particular reasons why they and they alone, should be so treated?† (To Abolish Capital Punishment: A Plea to the Citizens of every Country, Point Loma, 1914) The facts are that, using capital punishment will not make the crime vanish; it will only kill one more person and put one more family through hell. The real thing to be done is to make that person realize how bad is the effect of what he did, or what is awful. Just giving a death sentence would take away all hopes of many people. The only way to destroy a criminal is by changing his inside and the only way to do that is to give him time, this process may be long, but is far more influential that death sentence. And the duty of judicial system is to isolate such criminals so that there crime is washed away not their life. It is also a fact that when we cut short the life of a criminal, we just prompt the crime rather than giving it an end people who are found guilty are mostly found saying that â€Å"something came over mean I don’t know why I did it?† this shows that with the end of a culprit physically the crime prevails, the real end of a crime is to make people st rong enough to take over everything which tries to overcome them. Mercy is what makes others to over view what he has done, and this is the basic theme of every religion too. If one has done zealous crime, he must be punished, but not giving him a chance to amend is notorious. The role of the government has been very important but unfortunately it has done actions to take care of culprits but not to treat them as human beings. They have aright Io live, and being humans they have their full right to avail the human rights. If one does a wrong act the other should not repeat it would only enhance its effects rather than suppress it. The best way would be kind enough to make the other person realize of the severity of the crime. It should be included in the course and educational system to make the children aware of the hazardous effects of crimes. But should given them the difference at childhood so that when they grow they know the difference of good and bad, rather them just enforcing the laws. No one is perfect, every one sins, but why is it that we take our own sins for granted but when we see any other person has committed a crime we forget all laws and just want him to be punished, forgetting that every man commits sins, this is why he is human. For those who find themselves hysterical over these habeas corpus reform efforts, who believe that speeding up the appeals process will threaten the lives of those convicted and innocent, please contemplate the following question: What innocent or otherwise improperly convicted inmate would wish to linger a bit longer on death row as their attorney, snail-like, labored to prolong their wrongful stay on death row with a series of delayed and frivolous appeals? (jfa.net) The movement to abolish the death penalty needs the religious community because the heart of religion is about compassion, human rights, and the indivisible dignity of each human person made in the image of God. -Sister Helen Prejean The government should immediately call on to halt executions just to make sure that the unjust justice is checked. Capital punishment has been eradicated by most modern industrialized nations; it is not a deterrent to murder. Though the terror of being killed makes a man give a second thought to what he is doing, but the death penalty itself is engraving devastating effects. Even it has been observed that though with the severity of this crime, it is not the deterrent. It isn’t the end there are ways to make others realize their faults. And make them pay for it. But death penalty is not the disincentive.What we assume as an end in not the end, it is merely the beginning. Death is not the end of every crime; it is rather the way to more destruction. Giving time and attention to many prisoners have proved a very positive effect of them. If we want to amend the faults we all must take steps to stop the barbarous punishments as death penalties. And even if it is to be enhanced, it should be fully just, apart from prejudice, race, color, and creed and all such differences. Justice is for everyone not just rich or powerful. All that is just has a good effect, and even if justice would be enhanced to treat the real culprits, and to eradicate the crime our judiciary system needs amendments not death penalties. It is a well-known fact that when one is guilty and he is ashamed on that thing, then his half of the crime is washed a way. What is the flaw here is that the judiciary system does not give a loophole, for those who don’t have anything to prove. But on the contrary there is not just one but many ways for those who have power, race and a status. This proves to be a big flaw. Justice is for everyone devoid of cast creeds and colors and this is what is needed to prevail justice. Hence we can finally conclude that the deterrent power of the death penalty can never be proven with absolute certainty. The question still remain, is death penalty the solution? Or we should make amends in the justice system so that better and more influential judiciary system can be established. REFERENCES Liebman, J. S., Fagan, J., West, V.Capital attrition: Error rates in capital cases, 1973-1995. Texas Law Review. (2000) Uniform Crime Reports, 1980-1989 Lawrence C. Marshall, Why the Death Penalty should be abolished Bright, S. Counsel for the poor: The death sentence not for the worst crime, but for the worst lawyer. Yale Law Journal (1994) Costanzo, M. Just revenge: Costs and consequences of the death penalty (1997) Bowers and Pierce Deterrence or Brutalization in Crime of Delinquency (1980) Bailey, W.C., Peterson, R. D. Murder, capital punishment, and deterrence (1997) Radelet, Bedau, and Putnam, In Spite of innocence (1992) Point Loma, To Abolish Capital Punishment: A Plea to the Citizens of every Country (1914) Research Papers on The Death Penalty, the Practice of Capital PunishmentCapital PunishmentThe Fifth HorsemanArguments for Physician-Assisted Suicide (PAS)Comparison: Letter from Birmingham and CritoUnreasonable Searches and SeizuresThe Masque of the Red Death Room meaningsThe Relationship Between Delinquency and Drug UsePETSTEL analysis of IndiaThe Project Managment Office SystemRelationship between Media Coverage and Social and

Mark Twain Satire

Mark Twain Satire We have known Mark Twain for his celebrated works such as Adventures of Huckleberry Finn and Adventures of Tom Sawyer. But readers of his stories have not necessarily been exposed to his signature satire. Mark Twains satire earned him accolades. What ought to be done to the man who invented the celebrating of anniversaries? Mere killing would be too light.There is an old-time toast which is golden for its beauty: When you ascend the hill of prosperity may you not meet a friend.Truth is the most valuable thing we have. Let us economize it.Only one thing is impossible for God: To find any sense in any copyright law on the planet.Denial aint just a river in Egypt.Cauliflower is nothing but cabbage with a college education.A classic is something that everybody wants to have read and nobody wants to read.Wagners music is better than it sounds.Under certain circumstances, profanity provides a relief denied even to prayer.In a museum in Havana, there are two skulls of Christopher Columbus, one when he was a boy and one when he was a man.A man never reaches that dizzy height of wisdom when he can no longer be led by the nose.Be good and you will be lonesome.The rule is perfect: in all matters of opinion our adversaries are insane. Man is the only animal that blushes. Or needs to.The human race is a race of cowards; and I am not only marching in that procession but carrying a banner.I didnt attend the funeral, but I sent a nice letter saying I approved of it.The only difference between a tax man and a taxidermist is that the taxidermist leaves the skin.Let us be thankful for fools. But for them the rest of us could not succeed.The first of April is the day we remember what we are the other 364 days of the year.When red-haired people are above a certain social grade their hair is auburn.Patriot: the person who can holler the loudest without knowing what he is hollering about.Can we afford Civilization?One of the most striking differences between a cat and a lie is that a cat has only nine lives.The fact that man knows right from wrong proves his intellectual superiority to other creatures; but the fact that he can do wrong proves his moral inferiority to any creature that cannot.There are people who can do all f ine and heroic things but one keep from telling their happiness to the unhappy. I thoroughly disapprove of duels. If a man should challenge me, I would take him kindly and forgivingly by the hand and lead him to a quiet place and kill him.The older we grow the greater becomes our wonder at how much ignorance one can contain without bursting ones clothes.In the real world, the right thing never happens in the right place and the right time. It is the job of journalists and historians to make it appear that it has.I respect a man who knows how to spell a word more than one way.History may not repeat itself, but it does rhyme a lot.Dont go around saying the world owes you a living; the world owes you nothing; it was here first.We are all beggars, each in his own way.Name the greatest of all inventors. Accident.

Women and Decency in Islamic Culture Literature review

Women and Decency in Islamic Culture - Literature review Example According to the study conducted the story â€Å"Saudi in Bikini† opens debate into a question of cultural relativity as a being responsible for many cases of abuse on human rights. Such abuse, he presents, have been knit strongly into religion and way of life such that the abused never really get to see anything wrong with the practice. Kristof’s story may be seen through the prism of Plato’s Cave where ignorance and lack of exposure play a critical role in determining the manner in which people perceive realities and illusions. His work presents that whereas many women in Islamic culture are truly oppressed, they remain under the illusion that all is well. That is particularly so since their understanding of what is right is still limited within the oppressive definition of Sharia Law that gives no liberty to women. Many women around the world face cultural oppression that has been indoctrinated in the society such that not all of them would see such practices as instances of oppression. When Kristof observes that women in Saudi Arabia have to walk around in abayas (black cloaks), he, like many people, cannot help to wonder why culture has to put women to go such lengths. Although the culture leaves the women at liberty to choose what they put on, the choices are greatly narrowed down. One cannot help but wonder from the fact that many Middle East countries are very hot, women have to endure much discomfort to remain culturally relevant or acceptable. Only the face and hands are left out.

Trade commission Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Trade commission - Essay Example Mr. Clark is tied down by his Ph.D. studies. His quality time given to accomplish assigned tasks is reduced. Further, Mr. Clark has trouble prioritizing his job responsibilities. Mr. Clark prioritizes the Economics seminars over his responsibility in the company. He prioritizes making and attending arrangement of the Economists’ Association. Consequently, he cancels meetings with the Consul-General. Mr. Clark should be held accountable for his actions. Delegation does not absolve Mr. Clark of his responsibilities, as superior (Rees & Porter 116). Mr. Clark does not resolve Mr. Allen’s overburdened job responsibilities. One reason for the excess job responsibilities is Mr. Allen’s marriage to a local resident. Mr. Allen’s expertise in the local language gives Mr. Allen an added advantage. Because of Mr. Allen’s mastery of the local language, Mr. Clark assigns Mr. Allen to handle all local enquiries. Consequently, Mr. Allen communicates and enters int o agreements with all business contacts. Further, Mr. Allen helps Mr. Briggs craft reports to the Ministry of Commerce, during the first few months of Mr. Briggs arrival in the country. Mr. Clark should be made accountable for the effects of Mr. Allen’s overburdened responsibilities. Mr. Allen’s work overload results to delays and poor quality work outputs. Mr. Allen actually handled Mr. Briggs’ work, a new employee. Mr. ... Many very important persons and businessmen with significant relationships were invited. However, the original list of visitors was reduced from 50 to 30 invited guests. Miscommunication will trigger dissent among peers. Second, Mr. Clark should be made accountable for not involving his assistants in the transfer design of the whole government office (including the Consul-General’s staff) to a modern commercial building. When Mr. Clark was away for a two-week holiday, nobody could follow up important business matters because neither Mr. Allen nor Mr. Briggs knew what kind of wood and carpet colour Mr. Clark preferred. Consequently, the office decoration work was stopped until Mr. Clark returned for work. Third, Mr. Clark should be made accountable for the confusion cropping up regarding the use of the company’s official car. The Commission has a Mercedes Benz, which both Mr. Allen and Mr. Briggs is also entitled to use. However, Mr. Clark likes to ask the driver to wait for him at l0.00 am every day where Mr. Clark resides. This meant that either the Assistant Trade Commissioners also have to wait inside the official car for him or they have to proceed to the Commission by other means of transport. Both Mr. Allen and Mr. Briggs felt that they were refused some of their entitled benefits. Further, Mr. Clark must be accountable for abuse of official time. Mr. Clark wrongly prioritised the Minister’s needs over official needs. When the Minister’s family visited the city, Mr. Clark put aside his work. He spent two days accompanying them shopping around. Occasionally, when Mr. Briggs calculated the balance of the Commission’s account, he found that Mr. Clark had bought meals for his friends and family and debited

Energy Conservation Essay Example for Free

Energy Conservation Essay Energy conservation is the reduction of quantity of energy used. Energy conservation supports the eco friendly lifestyle by providing energy, which saves your money and at the same time saves the earth. When you decrease the amount of energy you use you automatically make efforts to reduce increasing global warming. Source of Energy Conservation: Solar Energy: Solar power uses the suns energy and light to provide heat, light, and electricity for homes. It is the primary source of all energy forms on the earth. It is one such energy which helps in maintaining the ecological balance through the process of photosynthesis and green house effect. We have been using sun to dry clothes and boil food for generations. But now number of techno powers which have been developed to make full use of solar energy such as: Photovoltaic systems : By these systems the electricity could be produced directly from the sunlight. Solar Process Space heating and cooling : It is the commercial and industrial use of suns heat. Solar Hot Water : The process to heat water with the solar energy. Solar Power plants : Producing electricity bu using the suns heat. Passive Solar heating and daylighting : Use solar energy to heat buildings. Wind energy : Wind energy is often used to generate the mechanical power or the electricity. In the country like India, wind energy holds the great importance because of large hilly, coastal and desert areas. In the rural areas it is used to pump water and grind grain. The benefit of wind energy is that it is fully pollution free and is eco friendly too. It costs low and the generation of power is continuous. It is the most effective way to conserve the energy and prevent the environment. Geothermal Energy : Geothermal energy is used in the form of thermal energy, electrical energy, nuclear energy, mechanical energy, chemical energy and light energy. It uses heat energy from beneath the surface of the earth. It was first used to produce electricity in the Itlay in 1903. Geothermal energy has the major environment benefit as it prevents air pollution. It is particularly important in the inland nations such as Indian Oceans and the pacific regions. Energy generation from geothermal sources is only possible in few places under unique geographic conditions. Wave energy : Ocean waves contain large amount of energy, which can be extracted through Ocean winds, Ocean currents, Ocean Geothermal etc. if the barrage is built across the river, electricity can be obtained by by the flow of water through turbines as the tide rise and falls. Hydroelectric energy : Another renewable source of energy is the hydroelectric energy, which is produced from fast flowing water. The process is pollution free. The movement of water spins the turbines which in turn generate electricity. Biomass energy : Biomass is the plant and animal waste which is used as the energy. Biomass energy like manure from livestock, plant waste etc can be used to generate electricity, fuel, light, and heat. We get biomass energy directly from plants and indirectly from the animal waste.

Essay --

1) What is Six Sigma (6S) ? 1.1 The concept The sigma’s concept comes from the Greek letter ‘ÏÆ'’ which the statisticians use to describe the â€Å"the standard deviation of a population†. So, Sigma represents the variability within a population. A high quality level of Sigma demonstrates the possibility of defective products. The higher the Sigma’s level, the lower the rate of the defective. Hence, the use of Six Sigma helps to reduce the variation, achieving small standard deviations and improving the product’s quality.(Pande et al 2002, Breyfogle 1999, Breyfogle et al 2001, Oakland 1999) 1.2 The background Six Sigma was developed by Motorola in the late 1980s with a view to improving the quality (Bhote 2002). In 1990s, General Electric and Allied Signal implied Six Sigma successfully. After that, more and more organisations firstly in United States and after worldwide developed 6S and it won the attention of the business world. The strategy of Six Sigma includes the use of statistical tools within a structured methodology for obtaining of knowledge needed to achieve faster, better and cheaper products and services from the competitors. The disciplined and the repeated implementation of the main strategy are the key of the 6S. (Breyfogle 1999, Urdhwareshe 2000) 1.3 Definition of Six Sigma Six sigma has many definitions depending on the authors, it can be defined as a strategy, an operational initiative, a statistic method, a tool for measurement, a target, a comparative performance’s measure, a vision, a philosophy and other. Breyfogle (1999) supports that Six Sigma is considered an operational strategy that uses a well-structured continuous improvement methodology. The aim is to reduce the variability of processes and the c... ...Six Sigma is not a technique or a method, according to the definition of Mario Perez-Wilson (1999), the 6S targets an optimized performance level with almost zero defects in a process that produces products, services or transactions. It indicates an achievement and maintenance of a world-class performance. Six Sigma is the result, not the journey. Accordingly, Perez-Wilson does not consider the Six Sigma as a methodology, but as a target. Consequently, according Knowles (2011), as output of the different views, Six Sigma has three aspects and it is: 1) A measure: How far is the organisation from the target and the perfect quality ? 2) A target: 3.4 defects per one million opportunities. 3) A philosophy: It focuses on sustainability and on a long term strategy which targets on the reduction of expenses, decreasing the variability in the process and the products.

Measurement research paper

There is a saying that efforts of measurement depend on the out come of global teams. The difference between the outcome and the process isn’t so important but only that during research, what is measured depends on the work of the teams.Measurement can be seen as investing in order to make a descion or a desired outcome. But also, there has to be some questions answered like what, when and how to measure. As for when to measure, this depends on the rates and time of team performances, as for how to measure this is based on the instrument going to be used in measuring.The use of measurement includes researching, getting the problem diagonised, training feedback and lastly evaluation in areas of training and selection.  Measurement attributes help in knowing what behaviours to concentrate on and determine. Behaviours examined leads to organizing attributes. These behaviours are usually organised in an allocation of a task.Volume is the space which a liquid occupies in a contai ner. Volume measuring units include gallons, cups, and quarts but there is what we call the systems of metric which include litres and millilitres. The instruments used to collect the units may include measuring cups, cylinders, measuring spoons and beakers. In the case of measuring a liquid volume that is small for example if it is something like medicine (syrup), the best unit of measure to use is milliteres, If it is something which has a little more volume for example sugar in a sugar bowl, then its better to use a cup, but if this volume is actually liquid then it means the right unit of measure is pints. If the liquid is in a large volume then gallons are best to use. The best formula to use while measuring the volume in a bucket may be pi multiplied by 2r (radius) multiplied by h (height) which is  Ã‚  Ã‚   pi*2r*hArea is an enclosed dimensional geometric figure spaceThe formula for measuring area in a bucket may be pie multiplied by pi multiplied by 2r (radius) multiplied by h (height) which is pi*2r*hLength is usually the space between the beginning of an object or point to the end. The space in between is what is called length. The distance around the object is called its perimeter. The measurement systems of length include customary units and metric units. And these include centimetres, miles or kilometeres.Lets say you are interested in measuring lengths which are short like the length of your face, then the best to use is centimetres. If you are measuring distances which are long for example from your house till the capital city centre, then the best is kilometres and miles. The best formula to use while measuring the length in a bucket may include 2 multiplied by pi multiplied r(radius) which is 2*pi*rWeight is amount of gravitational force on an object. The devices used to measure weight can include calibrated scale and two arm balance. Weight has customary units of measure and these are pounds. The metric units of measure are kilograms. If on e wants to measure an object which is small or little, the best to use is milligrams, when the object is a bit bigger for example a glass, then the best to use is grams, then if the object is more bigger like if you want to know what your weight is, then the best to use is the kilograms and pounds, above all if the object is very very big like   a big animal like a giraffe, then you are free to use tons and kilograms as your units of measure.REFERENCESNeely, J. (2004). University of Northern Iowa. Retrieved March 14, 2007Pollock, N., & Thompson, S. (1998). University of Richmond. Retrieved March 14, 2007Brannick, M. T., Salas, E., & Prince, C. (Eds.). (1997). Team Performance Assessment and Measurement: Theory, Methods, and Applications. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

Comparison of the discrimination Essay

To conclude this comparison of these two groups, the Dalits in India and the Indigenous Australians, I believe their situations can be linked and related to. The Dalits in India are regarded as the lowest of the low and are treated like â€Å"rats†. They are not given proper education and healthcare and not allowed to mix with non-Dalits. The IA on the other hand had there numbers decline mostly due to the European diseases brought to the country and also due to cultural genocide (the process of taking the aboriginal children and breeding them with non IA’s, thus â€Å"killing† off the IA population). These two groups are closely related however in the case of the IA’s they were the first natural inhabitants of Australia. This is the opposite to the Dalits, they were originally from India however the caste system in India has forced them into poverty. What has forced IA into poverty is the massive presence of the white population and has made the IA into a minority. However there have been recent apologies by Prime Minister Kevin Rudd of Australia to the indigenous Australians, which I would say is respectful. However there has been no sympathy towards the Dalits from the upper classes, they want the Dalits to stay in this low status for as long as possible. To conclude I believe the Dalits suffer more than the IA’s, not just because of the way they are treated but the sheer number of them as a whole. Bibliography: Research on Dalits: Internet (â€Å"www.wiki.com†, â€Å"www.dalitnetwork.org†) Research on IA’s: Internet (â€Å"www.wiki.com†, â€Å"www.indigenous.gov.au†, â€Å"www.pm.gov.au/media/Speech/2008/speech_0073.cfm† Research using class notes on IA’s and Dalits.

the pearl1 essays

the pearl1 essays In John Steinbeck's The Pearl, a poor yet humble pearl diver by the name of Kino finds a giant pearl with which he hopes to buy peace and happiness for his family and an education for his son, Coyotito. Instead, he learns that the valuable Pearl of the World can not buy happiness but only destroy his simple, yet content, life. As soon as Kinos son, Coyotito, is bitten by a deadly scorpion, Juana, the mother of Coyotito, naturally turns towards the spiritual aspects of life by praying for her son's endangered life. Knowing that the bite is extremely deadly, they take Coyotito to the doctor, be he refuses to assist the child because of the familys financial status so the family now turns to the sea to seek their fortune. When Juana set sight on the "Pearl of the World," she felt as though all her prayers had been answered. News spreads quickly that Kino has found the immense pearl and as soon as the doctor hears of the newfound wealth, he rushes to the aid of Coyotito. After this, the pearl brings nothing but trouble once the pearl buyers try to cheat him for the pearl. Kino is also attacked for the pearl and in one of the fights, he kills a man. He then flees with his family to the city where three men hunt them down. In an effort to escape, Kino attacks the men but not before they fire a shot into the mountains and mortally wound Coyotito. After the sudden death, Kino and Juana head back to the village where they heave the evil pearl into the ocean and hope that its burdens are never bestowed on any person again. Throughout The Pearl, Kinos character is indirectly revealed by his actions and thoughts. In the beginning of the story, he appears to be a very hardworking man and also a man of good morals. He showed these qualities by simply supporting his family and working hard everyday diving for pearls. But after finding the Pearl of the World, Kino slowly began to change. Without knowing it, ...

Funny Thanksgiving Quotes

Funny Thanksgiving Quotes Thanksgiving celebrations make for great memories. Its not just the food; the atmosphere of warmth, fun, and humor adds to the festivity and contributes to the family legacy. Grandparents have anecdotes to share about their Thanksgiving holidays, and you can create a trove of memories to pass on to the next generation and create a tradition around values such as love, sharing, generosity, and fun. Serve Humor for Thanksgiving One such tradition could be to make Thanksgiving a day of laughter. Encourage your guests to share funny anecdotes, jokes, and quotes after dinner. These funny Thanksgiving quotes are great for a side dish of humor: Alice B. Toklas: American writer What is sauce for the goose may be sauce for the gander but is not necessarily sauce for the chicken, the duck, the turkey, or the guinea hen. George Carlin: American comedian Were having something a little different this year for Thanksgiving. Instead of a turkey, were having a swan. You get more stuffing. Mitch Hedberg: American comedian If you stand in the meat section at the grocery store long enough, you start to get mad at turkeys. There’s turkey ham, turkey bologna, turkey pastrami. Someone needs to tell the turkey, ‘Man, just be yourself. Ambrose Bierce: American writer, journalist (The Devils Dictionary) Turkey: A large bird whose flesh, when eaten on certain religious anniversaries, has the peculiar property of attesting piety and gratitude. Ellen Orleans: American author I have strong doubts that the first Thanksgiving even remotely resembled the ‘history’ I was told in second grade. But considering that (when it comes to holidays) mainstream America’s traditions tend to be overeating, shopping, or getting drunk, I suppose it’s a miracle that the concept of giving thanks even surfaces at all. Kin Hubbard: American cartoonist, journalist A lot of Thanksgiving days have been ruined by not carving the turkey in the kitchen. Erma Bombeck: American humorist, columnist (No One Diets on Thanksgiving) What were really talking about is a wonderful day set aside on the fourth Thursday of November when no one diets. I mean, why else would they call it Thanksgiving? Cornelius Plantinga Jr.: American theologist It must be an odd feeling to be thankful to nobody in particular. Christians in public institutions often see this odd thing happening on Thanksgiving Day. Everyone in the institution seems to be thankful in general. Its very strange. Its a little like being married in general. Alton Brown: TV personality, author Thats the ultimate goal of most turkey recipes: to create a great skin and stuffing to hide the fact that turkey meat, in its cooked state, is dry and flavorless. Does it have to be that way? No. We just have to focus on what the turkey is and what the turkey needs. Ted Nugent: American rock musician If you want to save a species, simply decide to eat it. Then it will be managed- like chickens, like turkeys, like deer, like Canada geese. Russell Baker: American humor columnist It was dramatic to watch my grandmother decapitate a turkey with an ax the day before Thanksgiving. Nowadays the expense of hiring grandmothers for the ax work would probably qualify all turkeys so honored with gourmet status. Jim Davis: American cartoonist Vegetables are a must on a diet. I suggest carrot cake, zucchini bread, and pumpkin pie. Jon Stewart: American comedian, commentator I celebrated Thanksgiving in an old-fashioned way. I invited everyone in my neighborhood to my house, we had an enormous feast, and then I killed them and took their land. Johnny Carson: American comedian, talk show host Thanksgiving is an emotional holiday. People travel thousands of miles to be with people they only see once a year. And then discover once a year is way too often. Anonymous May your stuffing be tastyMay your turkey be plump,May your potatoes and gravyHave nary a lump.May your yams be deliciousAnd your pies take the prize,And may your Thanksgiving dinnerStay off your thighs!

Image of Christ Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Image of Christ - Essay Example This only makes it easier for artists to depict Christ in equal proportions regarding the duality; â€Å"In representing Christ’s dual nature, Murillo also expresses human ambivalence.†1 But not all artists and painters see Christ in the same light. For instance Pieter Bruegel points to â€Å"humanity and vulnerability of Christ Child.†2, more so his painting also depicts inhumanity of the people surrounding the infant Christ. The artwork of Giovanni Bellini (1459-1516) interests me particularly. His depiction of Christ ‘resting peacefully’ is superb. Although Jesus Christ was nailed to the cross after being severely tortured, his body hardly bears any mark of torture. He is shown lying across the lap of his mother, peacefully sleeping. However he is not really sleeping as in biblical traditions, sleep was considered â€Å"a natural metaphor for death†3. This piece interests me because by showing so little in his paintings, he tells a whole lot more. In his other painting the infant Christ is lying in the lap of Virgin Mary and the look on her face suggests that she knows the fate of her child. In the background, the white crane fights with the snake; a possible interpretation that Christ will fight the devil where devil is represented by the snake, plus in some traditions a crane is regarded as a â€Å"harbinger of spring and hence of new

The topic can be proposed by the writer Movie Review - 1

The topic can be proposed by the writer - Movie Review Example Told from the stories and recollections of the people who experienced the revolution, the film depicts the tragic turn of events from an initial noble intention to create an equal society, to the creation of a starving and perishing society, through the introduction of the Cultural Revolution and the Great Leap Forward initiatives (Williams, n.p.). These reforms caused the starvation of the majority of the Chinese rural population at the time, resulting to the death of approximately 30 million people. The brutality with which the processes of collective agriculture and rural industrialization were introduced, further served to disorient the already capitalist tendencies of the traditional Chinese population, while resulting in the dispossession of lands and property for the initial landowners. In this respect, the Chinese revolution in the periods spanning 1949-1962 served to create more poverty for the country and its people. This necessitated a change of strategy towards partial acceptance of some concepts of capitalism, which saw the Chinese economy start recovering from the initial depression brought about by the revolution (Williams, n.p.). Nevertheless, the most notable transformation of the period 1949-1976 in China is the transformed gender role for women. It is during this period that the undermined rights of women both domestically and politically started being recognized, with women gaining full political democratic rights. Additionally, the foreign policy of China, especially regarding its relations with the USA and the rest of the capitalist western world was shaped (Williams, n.p.). Thus, the Chinese involvement in the Korean War was as a result of forging its new identity as a communist nation that was opposed to the capitalist intrusion of its neighbors. Thus, the negative implications of the Mao Years revolution have been effectively demonstrated in the film. The film has

Museum 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Museum 2 - Essay Example At a glance, one is not able to make out what the painting represents (â€Å"Clyfford Still Museum†). The PH-61 is a representation of several conservative issues and interpretation challenges (â€Å"Clyfford Still Museum†). The issues include the reflection found on the surface, the painting’s chemical change and its cracking. When the â€Å"conserve a painting† interaction is used, it changes the various treatment choices made. The painting challenges people to look beyond a glance. It catches an individual’s attention and makes one spend quality time looking at the painting. I think that the blue part looks like a creature raising its head and hands up. The red part may be blood. I liked the painting because it catches one’s attention. It makes one spend time there just trying to figure out what it is. The most amazing thing is that different people interpret it differently. To me it looks like an animal but to other people it looks like a mountain or something else and it makes a good topic for debate among peers on a boring

The Murray Darling Basin: An Analysis

The Murray Darling Basin: An Analysis The Murray-Darling Basin covers 1,061,469 square kilometres or approximately one-seventh (14%) of the total area of Australia. The Three longest rivers in Australia the (Darling River, the Murray river, The Murrumbidgee river) all run through the Murray-Darling Basin. The Murray Darling Basin is home to the most diverse ecosystem in Australia. It has at least 35 endangered species of birds, 16 species of endangered mammals and over 35 different native fish species. Unfortunately 20 species of mammals have already become extinct. It supports hydroelectricity, irrigation, domestic, industrial, recreational and leisure activities. It also produces over 40% of all Australian yield which is used in domestic and overseas markets. The aim of this report is to look at the three main issues regarding the Murray Darling Basin; the water quality, Droughts and Flood in the river and Blue-Green Algae. This report reflects on some of the effects these issues are having on the Murray Darling Basin. The final section of this report will make some recommendations to solve these problem. These issues are effecting the health of the Murray River and are damaging it as we speak. Current precautions and programs have not been able to arrest environmental damage. Blue Green Algae Blue-green algae are a type of bacteria known as Cyanobacteria. Blue-green algae are a natural part of the freshwater environment. In favourable conditions they reproduce at very high rates to form blooms which are explosions in growth that dominate the aquatic environment, forming scums that can be toxic. Blue-Green algae interfere with other uses of the water and can affect human health and have far-reaching consequences for the environment and the economy. Algae need stable water columns, Nutrients and sunlight to bloom. If these factors all combine together and then persist for a few days, blue-green algae cells will accumulate in the surface layer of the water body and if the conditions persist for several days or more, the cells can multiply to dramatic numbers eventually forming a bloom. They need little or no flow, calm weather with little or no wind and hot sunny days; these factors allow the water column to stratify, which is where a layer of warm surface water remains unmixed with the cooler, deeper water. Stratification can also result from differing densities through the water column, where saltier, denser water at the bottom remains unmixed with the fresher surface water above. There are many Dams built along the Murray-Darling Basin which restrict the flow of the river (little or no flow). As we are one of the hottest nations in the world it is natural to have hot weather. European farming have removed 15 billion trees. They: Influence water quality by initiating undesirable tastes and odours Discolouration and unattractive scums. Are toxic with some species producing toxins Can cause liver damage, stomach upsets and disorders of the nervous system in humans. Contact with high centralizations of blue-green growth can result in skin and eye aggravations. Although: Each State has extensive monitoring arrangements to detect and measure algae comprehensive emergency plans for dealing with algal blooms detailed arrangements for alerting the public about health risks Water supply authorities have advanced treatment techniques to remove dissolved toxins. The problem of Algae is still a big threat to the basin and it is increasing. I advise the construction of more sewage treatment plants along the Murray-Darling Basin. Instead of dumping the sewage straight into the Basin it would be wise to treat the water before dumping the water into the Basin or we could re-use the water after it is treated. I will also like to recommend to increase the flow of the river. A big machine similar to a blender be planed inside the basin which would blend the water in the river preventing Algae to bloom. If such technology is not available then maybe the government would consider to fund engineers to come up with a device/machine like described above or even better. Changes in Drought and Flood patterns Drought and flood are a natural phenomenon in the Murray–Darling Basin. Throughout wet years, the streams of the Basin will overflow into floodplains. However during times of drought the rivers become strings of disconnected waterholes along the course of the riverbed. On average, the natural flow into the Basin is around 33,000 GL per year but this varies greatly from year to year. Human uses of water has highly regulated the system with many structures such as dams, locks and weirs resulting in increasing impact on both drought and flood. After almost a decade of drought, a return to wetter conditions throughout the Basin in 2010 led to widespread flooding. This resulted in the inundation of many floodplains and refilling of the Basins water storages. The basins total water storage increased from 32% to 81% during 2010-11. It enabled numerous species to recover from the impacts of a long dry season. Climate change studies predict that the climate of the Murray–Darling Basin is likely to become drier in the future, due to the rising concentrations of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. Many places along the basin suffer the worst from drought as they are in risk of not obtaining enough drinking water to support its population let alone its farmers. There is a projected impact of a 10% reduction in the average surface water availability across the whole Basin in 2030. Total losses caused by the severe 1982-1983 drought, for example, were estimated by the Australian Government to exceed $3 billion. The long-term health of the whole system is currently in danger. It has also been discovered that 4% of water that Australia gets from rainfall reaches the sea from the basin. Operation of the River Murray system is based primarily upon the control and management of the four main storages: Dartmouth Reservoir Hume Dam Menindee lakes storage scheme Lake Victoria In times of drought water is used from the dam’s storage for all activities. They provide safety to towns and cities from the tolls of flood and it will take a lot of time and money to recover. The government of Australia provides drought packages to support our farmers in major water crisis. Many areas in Australia have water restrictions to help conserve water for future use. Some areas also usewater recycling,desalinationplants and dig bores into the ground to get more water for their residents like that in Western Australia which was the first state to tap the ocean as a source of public drinking water produces 130 million litres of freshwater a day. I would like to recommend large scale constructions of desalination plants along coastal areas, it will help Australia to meet the demands of the increasing population of Australia at present and in the future; and to cope through major droughts. I would also like to recommend construction of dams in Queensland as they receive the most rainfall, but the water is not trapped and is hence wasted. Instead of using the rain water, they take water from the Basin to support their needs. The water can be used for all purposes. I would recommend the construction of more water storage facilities in drier parts of the county like Adelaide. It would also be wise for the government to stop the 4% of water obtained by rain from reaching the sea. Water Quality Salinity means the amount of salt content in soil or water. European farming practices replaced native vegetation with crops and pasture. As a result, the plants designed to deal with salinity issues were removed. This resulted in the increasing of salinity problem. It affects ecosystem health, reduce drinking quality and cause economic loss in agriculture. It affects native vegetation, crops, pasture, wetlands and river systems; it destroys native habitat and decreases biodiversity. With current practices there are no signs that the process of salinisation will slow down or be reversed within the foreseeable future. The quality of the Murray darling basin can also trigger algal growth. Matter disposed in the water carries nutrients which reduce the penetration of light which affects aquatic plants and animals. Lower water temperatures due to the release of water from deeper layers held in dams during summer can damage downstream ecological systems. Higher temperatures resulting from lack of flow from clearing of vegetation may worsen algal blooms. The water has low levels of dissolved oxygen because floodplains are flushed with organic matter which discolour the river water and make it appear blackish. The blackish water can sometimes become very low in dissolved oxygen resulting in the harm of aquatic plants and animals. Although these events can have a positive impact on the environment as they put nutrients back into the system which promotes the growth of many aquatic organisms. Although, there have been actions taken to solve these issues: The setting up of salt interceptions schemes throughout the Basin has helped to alleviate the problem of salinity. Toxins produced by Algae and other harmful particles are filtered and the water is purified before it is supplied to places. Many nutrients are put back into the water to promote the growth of many aquatic organisms. The government of Australia funds many water cleaning programs like: The Australian Government has signed an agreement with the Australian Capital Territory that will see up to $85 million of Australian Government funds available to help clean up Canberra’s lakes and waterways. Have not had a very significant effect on the issues. The government of Australia funds many water cleaning programs like: The Australian Government has signed an agreement with the Australian Capital Territory that will see up to $85 million of Australian Government funds available to help clean up Canberra’s lakes and waterways. I would also recommend the government to encourage farmers to practise water efficient farming and use pants that have roots which go deep into the earth to get their nutrients. The government should plant trees or bushed which remove salt from the water and soil like the salt bush. If current water problems continue Adelaide will run out of healthy drinking water by 2020. The government of Australia should also consider the introduction of strict laws and heavy penalties for dumping waste into the basin. Conclusion The issues of the Murray darling basin are increasing. Ninety percent of Adelaide’s population is dependent on the basin for their drinking water. Most of these issues were not an issue in the early 18-19 century. Everything was natural and all issues had a solution, but increase in human activities have made these issues big. If nothing is done about these issues, Australia will have a very tough time surviving. These issues are increasing even with the current actions being taken, because of the increasing population, activities and demand of Australia. Australia is growing vastly every day; new towns are being constructed, people are migrating, increase in mining and increase in farming. Australia needs water to support all these activities. If current conditions continue Australia will not be able to produce enough food and water to support its population let alone export anything. The agriculture industry consistently accounted for around 20 per cent of manufacturing sale s and service income and in 2009–10($24.3 billion) it provided jobs for 226,750 Australians. The economy of Australia will crash and it will have to import even the basic of foods. The ecosystem will not be able to recover and eventually Australia will run out of water. It has also been predicted that in the future there will be many wars for the sole purpose of obtaining water. Many advices included in this report will help solve other inter related issues, e.g. Construction of de-salination plant will help improve the water quality and to cope through major drought as well as Algae. The Australian government should consider the advices included in this report as they will help improve the health of the basin and ensure that Australia will have enough water in the future to support its increasing population. Bibliography

The Downfall of Macbeth Essay -- Macbeth essays William Shakespeare Pa

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Macbeth, written by William Shakespeare, is the tragic tale of   Macbeth, a virtuous man, corrupted by power and greed. This tragedy can be classified by one of two theories. One theory suggests that the tragic hero, Macbeth, is led down an unescapable road of doom by an outside force; namely the three witches. The second suggests that there is no supernatural force working against Macbeth, which therefore makes him responsible for his own actions and inevitable downfall. Macbeth is indeed responsible for his own actions which are provoked by Lady Macbeth, the witches,   his ambition, and an unwillingness to listen to his own conscience. These forces had no direct control over his actions but simply pointed out different paths for him to follow. Ultimately, Macbeth chose the path of darkness.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Throughout   the entire play Macbeth ignores the voice of his own conscience. He knows what he is doing is wrong even before he murders Duncan. His own conscience is nagging at him but he allows Lady Macbeth and greed to cloud his judgement. In referring to the idea of the murder of Duncan, Macbeth first states,"We will proceed no further in this business"(I, vii, 32). Yet, after speaking with Lady Macbeth he recants and proclaims, "I am settled, and bend up /Each corporal agent to this terrible feat"(I, vii, 79-80). He allows himself to be swayed by the woman he loves. Lady Macbeth gave him an ultimatum and provoked him by saying:      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   When you durst do it, then you were a man;   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   And to be more than what you were, you would   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Be so much more the man..... (I, vii, 49-51)    She provokes him ... ...cally cause an increase in his desires. He willingly committed the crimes to fulfil his ambitions; not because of a spell cast by the witches.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   While purposely played in a mysterious setting, the location is not meant to cloud the true theme of the play with the supernatural. Macbeth simply succumbs to natural urges and his own ambitions which lead him to a fate of his own making. The provocations of   Lady Macbeth, the witches, his ambition and his reluctance to listen to his conscience were the deciding factors in his life. He was not supernaturally controlled by the black magic of the witches nor was he purposefully led down a path of destruction. He was fully aware of the consequences of   all the decisions he made.   Everyone has character flaws that they must live with; Macbeth simply allowed those flaws to destroy him.

Do Parents Matter

Within today’s society and the way the family is portrayed within the media, the family life has changed considerably. The family setup and how parents now discipline their children and their skills to do so, have come under attack. With the increase of children committing crimes and anti social behaviour orders being handed out like sweets its seems that almost everyone is looking for someone to blame for the up rise in bad behaviour with the children of our country. There has been blame pointed at the lack of discipline given out by the courts, the television and media, how family’s are structured in today’s society’ compared to years ago and the majority of blame lies with the parents. This essay will look at â€Å"Do parents matter† as this is a huge issue and has vast implications I am going to look at the issue of Divorce. I will be looking at the theories of attachment and separation and how children who are involved with divorce cope and if the issue of gender, culture or ethnicity differs ahead to the outcome of â€Å"Do Parents Matter† The government’s reports that roughly 50% of all marriages in today’s society fail, reasons for the failure include poor communication or lack of communication, financial issues and even the circumstances of the marriage all contribute to the ending of what once seemed the perfect relationship. Within these failed marriages are children, confused and unsure of what the future holds for them. Unsure of how to deal with the split, having to choose which parent to leave behind and which parent to stay at residence with, decisions like these can cause trauma within certain children, thus the question is raised â€Å"Do parents matter? † According to John Bowlby, Attachment is a special emotional relationship that involves an exchange of comfort, care, and pleasure. John Bowlby devoted extensive research to the concept of attachment, describing it as a â€Å"lasting psychological connectedness between human beings† Bowlby shared the psychoanalytic view that early experiences in childhood have an important influence on development and behaviour later in life. Our early attachment styles are established in childhood through the infant/caregiver relationship. In addition to this, Bowlby believed that attachment had an evolutionary component, it aids in survival. The propensity to make strong emotional bonds to particular individuals is a basic component of human nature† (Bowlby, 1988) Bowlby believed that there are four distinguishing characteristics of attachment: Proximity Maintenance – The desire to be near the people we are attached to. Safe Haven – Returning to the attachment figure for comfort and safety in the face of a fear or threat. Secure Base – The attachment figure acts as a base of security from which the child can explore the surrounding environment. Separation Distress – Anxiety that occurs in the absence of the attachment figure. With James Robertson he identified three stages of separation response amongst children, Protest to the mother figure for re-attachment (related to separation anxiety) Despair and pain at the loss of the mother figure despite repeated protests for re-establishment for relationship. (related to grief and mourning), and Detachment or denial of affection to the mother-figure. (related to defence). These phases are universally seen in children who go through separation, either by loss of parent/s due to death, divorce or through boarding school. Bowlby identified that infants need one special relationship for internal development. No variables have more far-reaching effects on personality development than a child's experiences within the family. Starting during his first months in his relation to both parents, he builds up working models of how attachment figures are likely to behave towards him in any of a variety of situations, and on all those models are based all his expectations, and therefore all his plans, for the rest of his life. † (J. Bowlby, Attachment and Loss (1973, p. 369)) Children’s parents, who separate in the younger years of the child, are more likely to suffer under Bowlby’s theory, due to the absent of the early attachment bond. Bowlby in 1951 produced a report which argued that infants form a special relationship with their mother which is different from any relationship which they form with any other kind of person. Attachment is formed with the mother within the first six months of life and if the attachment or bond is broken either by death or separation the child would suffer considerable consequences. Although the attachment to either parent is still a considerable one, Bowlby’s work looks at the mother in particular or a significant caregiver. Bowlby theory of separation has great strengths within the family structure, it explains how early attachment is essential for a stable life span of the child. â€Å"The Nature of the Child’s Tie to His Mother† (1958), â€Å"Separation Anxiety† (1959), and â€Å"Grief and Mourning in Infancy and Early Childhood† (1960) are Bowlby’s first formal statements of attachment theory, building on concepts from ethology and developmental psychology. Bowlby theories of attachment are followed closely by Byng-Hall and Mary Ainsworth. Byng-Hall suggests that the family contributes to attachment by providing a secure family base. He’s definition of secure base is â€Å"a family that provides a reliable and readily available network of attachment relationships, and appropriate caregivers, from which all members of the family are able to feel sufficiently secure to explore their potential†. Byng-Hall suggests that there are two factors associated with a secure family base. First, he suggests that there is a shared awareness that attachment relationships are important and care for others is a priority in the family. Second, he contends that family members should support one another in providing care for each other. The weakness factors that undermine a secure base in families include fear of losing an attachment figure or actual loss of an attachment figure. A child clings to one caregiver and rejects relationships with other caregivers. Byng-Hall refers to this as â€Å"capturing† an attachment figure. Turning to an inappropriate attachment figure (i. e. , if one parent is not supporting the other parent, a child may be used as an attachment figure). Conflict within relationships particularly abusive relationships. Negative self-fulfilling prophecies, there is an expectation that losses from other generations will be repeated. Mary Ainsworth â€Å"Strange Situation Procedure† study confirms the theory of Bowlby and investigates how a child makes an attachment to its mother or main caregiver. Ainsworth's research revealed key individual differences among children, demonstrated by the child's reaction to the mother's return. Ainsworth categorised these responses into three major types. Anxious/avoidant—the child may not be distressed at the mother's departure and may avoid or turn away from her on her return. Securely attached—the child is distressed by the mother's departure and easily soothed by her on her return. Anxious/resistant—the child may stay extremely close to the mother during the first few minutes and become highly distressed at her departure. When she returns, the child will simultaneously seek both comfort and distance from the mother. The child's behaviour will be characterised by crying and reaching to be held and then attempting to leave once picked up. Using the Strange Situation procedure, many researchers have studied the development of child attachment to the mother and significant caregiver. However, the weaknesses show there continues to be much debate about the origins of the child's reaction in the Strange Situation, and about what factors influence the development of an infant's attachment relationships. The attachment and separation theory is apparent when Divorce occurs within the family home. Children involved show emotional upset to a parent that leaves the residential home, thus causing a disturbance to the dynamics of the family structure. Behaviour of children is displayed in a number of formats from acceptance to the extreme of being issued an anti social behaviour order. The development of a child is determined by the nature of the environment and the nurture that has been given. The different stages of attachment are related to the age of the child, thus gender, culture, ethnicity and socio-economic status are not considered, however all of these areas do influence the situation considerably. Children are known to favour one parent more so than another, Divorce within a white European family compared to a black West Indian family can have extreme differences. Due to culture beliefs’ and family pressures. West Indian and Asian family divorce rates are far lower than the European statistics. Ethnicity of a family also influences the up bringing of a child and how the parents are treated and perceived. Bowlby theory states that the mother or main caregiver is needed for a stable upbringing. Younger children in particular have a hard time dealing with the changes that are occurring at this time. A child’s reaction to this depends upon their age and their ability to comprehend what is happening. Consistency is very import to younger children and the trauma of their parents separating is extremely difficult for them to handle. The loss of routine, the change in daily habits and the loss of friend’s school and other familiar patterns is especially difficult. When a father is excluded from the family home, reports show that the majority of crime and anti social behaviour are committed from one parent families, studies of young criminals show that over 70% of juveniles imprisoned come from fatherless homes, once the influence of a strong male character disappears the child reacts in a negative manner, acting up, causing a disturbance are some of the symptoms a child goes through. It appears that father absence may have different effects on boys and girls. Boys tend to experience more academic and social disruption when fathers are not present in the household. Father absence challenges girl’s emotional stability but does not seem to undermine their school performance. A boy who lives alone with his mother does not have a male role model in the home to teach him how to shave or kick a football or ask a girl out for a date, all of these things are extremely important to our social integration. Children who grow up without fathers in the home seem to have more likelihood to experience, drug and alcohol abuse, poverty, lack of opportunity to succeed, sex at an early age, pregnancy, behaviour problems, crime involvement, dropouts from school. These experiences are more likely to occur during adolescence because changes are happening so fast in this age group. Much supervision is needed at this time and is hard to enforce without a dad in the house, especially with teenage boys. As teens enter these years they tend to be closer to the same sex parent and look in that direction for guidance. Girls are stressed and likely to be depressed having no father in the home. â€Å"Stepmothers are found to have more problematic relationship with stepchildren; while children, particularly girls, also experience higher stress when they are living with their stepmothers. (Jacobson, 1987 in Visher ; Visher, 1993). Visher ; Visher (1979) suggested that teenage daughters identify strongly with their mothers and resent any woman who replaces their mother for the father's affection. Teenage daughters also exhibit much competitiveness with their stepmothers for their father's affection. These findings suggested that there are strong situational dynamics at work that create special relationship problems for stepmother families. Difficulty between the children's mother and stepmother has also been mentioned as a possible contribution to the greater stress in stepmother families. (Visher & Visher 1988)† Boys are more likely to act out and become discipline problems which upsets the mother. They try to take over the role of the dominant male in the household. Girls show their longing for a father figure by getting â€Å"boy-crazy† and can tend to end up with men who treat them badly. Girls need a father to demonstrate how a man acts in a family relationship. It seems that girls who have to guess pick the wrong boys and men. † Biblarz and Raftery (1999) show that mother-absence is much more detrimental than father-absence to children's educational and occupational attainment. They find that once parents' socioeconomic status is taken into account, children raised by single mothers are much better off than children raised by single fathers or fathers and stepmothers, and are just as likely to succeed as children raised by both birth parents. Biblarz and Raftery conclude that the pattern of effects across family types and over time is consistent with an evolutionary perspective which emphasizes the importance of the birth mother in the provision of children's resources (Trivers 1972). According to this view, children raised by their birth mothers do better than children raised apart from their birth mothers. Furthermore, being raised by a single birth mother is better than being raised by a birth mother and step-father since step-fathers compete with children for mother's time and lower maternal investment. Dealing with children who suffer from the separation of a loved parent is difficult. Social Services and Social Workers have to treat and understand the child’s needs in relation to its personal case. The Children’s Act 2004 assists with the legal framework and legislation of needs but it is that of a Social Worker and their ability and knowledge that assists with the emotional needs of the children, thus enabling them to deal with the separation to the best of their ability and co-ordinate any addition services that may be required. Behaviour, socialisation skills, and how we treat other people are pronominally learnt through our parents. It is the nurture of a parent that encourages a child to develop into a citizen that society requires and needs. It is fully reported that Divorce causes catastrophic effects on certain children; I believe that this is true due to non communication from the parents involved, what, how and the effects the children experienced are due to how the situation was tackled. Parents have an integral position in children’s lives whether they own biological offspring or offspring obtained via a separation or new relationship. Children from a Divorced separated family background are more likely to experience difficulties later on into adult life, male children having anger related issues, female children having trust and insecurity problems all transpiring from the divorce of the parents. These extremely worrying issues can be overcome with the communication, knowledge and experience of the parents in educating their children and showing a positive influence in their lives, with the theory of Bowlby and Ainsworth, I would like to conclude that in my opinion, yes parents do matter. References http://www.litnotes.co.uk/mass_media.htm http://www.sociology.emory.edu/tdowd/SOC769rsyllabus.htm http://www.psychology.sunysb.edu/attachment/online/inge_origins.pdf